How Early Detection Can Help With Sleep Apnea and Heart Issues

Did you know that a good night's sleep can significantly impact your heart health? In a 2022 report, the American Heart Association (AHA) shone a light on the crucial connection between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and cardiovascular disease (CVD).

This article breaks down this vital information, so you can take charge of your sleep and heart health. We’ll also talk about why early detection and screening for OSA should be a top priority.

The Link Between Sleep Apnea and Heart Disease

Have you ever noticed your breathing stopping and starting repeatedly while you sleep?

This is the reality for people with OSA, a condition where the upper airway becomes blocked during sleep. The AHA highlights a surprising fact: OSA affects  40% to 80% of individuals with conditions like hypertension (high blood pressure), heart failure, and stroke. However, CVD as a risk factor is not as widely known as factors like old age and obesity.

Here's the concerning part: OSA often goes undiagnosed, with up to 95% of people with clinically significant sleep apnea having no prior diagnosis. Undiagnosed OSA is also common for patients with existing heart disease. This creates a hidden danger zone where the damage caused by interrupted breathing during sleep apnea episodes goes unnoticed.

The AHA emphasizes the importance of awareness for both patients and healthcare professionals. Early detection of OSA in high-risk individuals with CVD is crucial for preventing further complications.

Why Early Detection of OSA Matters for CVD Patients

OSA acts like a silent thief stealing oxygen from your body and putting strain on your heart. Early detection lets you stop this thief before it causes significant damage. It yields the following specific benefits:

Prevents Worsening of Heart Conditions

Untreated OSA can worsen existing heart conditions like high blood pressure and heart failure. Early detection allows for treatment of OSA, which can improve heart function and reduce the risk of future complications. In fact, a 2023 study by Ou, Tan, and Lee showed that treating sleep apnea can lower blood pressure.

Reduces Risk of Cardiovascular Events

The AHA report highlights a link between OSA and increased risk of hypertension, stroke, arrhythmia, diabetes, and even death from heart-related issues. Unfortunately, OSA even worsens conditions that may also worsen OSA. In other words, OSA can drive up hypertension, and increased hypertension can worsen OSA. Fortunately, a 2021 study revealed that sleep apnea treatment through CPAP reduces fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events.

Improves Overall Well-being

Of course, better sleep translates to better overall health. By treating OSA, you'll likely experience increased energy levels, improved mood, cognitive function, and a better quality of life.

Recognizing the Signs of OSA

While a sleep study is the definitive way to diagnose OSA, some signs and symptoms can point towards the possibility of this condition. Here's what to watch out for:

Daytime sleepiness

Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is a hallmark symptom of OSA. You might feel tired and sluggish throughout the day, even after a full night's sleep.

Loud snoring

While not everyone who snores has OSA, loud and frequent snoring can be a sign of airway obstruction.

Witnessed breathing pauses during sleep

If your bed partner observes you stopping breathing for brief periods during sleep, it could be a sign of OSA.

Morning headaches

Waking up with frequent headaches, especially upon awakening, can be linked to OSA.

Difficulty concentrating

The fragmented sleep caused by OSA can lead to problems with focus and concentration during the day.

Mood swings and irritability

Untreated OSA can disrupt sleep patterns and contribute to mood swings and irritability.

When and Where to Get Screened

The AHA recommends screening for OSA in high-risk individuals, particularly those with:

• Uncontrolled hypertension (high blood pressure)
• Pulmonary hypertension
• Recurrent atrial fibrillation

Meanwhile, the AHA recommends a sleep study for those with symptoms of OSA coupled with:

• HF symptoms
• Tachy-brady syndrome
• Sick sinus syndrome
• Ventricular tachycardia
• Previous experience of sudden cardiac death
• Previous stroke

If you have one or more of these conditions, talk to your doctor. They can assess your risk factors and recommend the most appropriate screening method for you. Below are some common OSA screening options.

Polysomnography (PSG)

Considered the gold standard for sleep studies, PSG involves an overnight stay in a sleep lab where various physiological functions are monitored during sleep. This includes brain activity, heart rate, breathing patterns, oxygen levels, and muscle movements.

Home Sleep Testing (HST)

This involves using specialized equipment at home to monitor sleep patterns. HST is less comprehensive than PSG but can be a good option for some individuals, especially those who are uncomfortable with a sleep lab setting.

Sleep History Questionnaires

Usually completed with help from your bed partner, a sleep history questionnaire probes the state of your snoring, instances of gasping or snorting during sleep, and daytime behavior such as sleepiness, dozing, and lack of alertness. Commonly used questionnaires with high sensitivity include the STOP-BANG and the STOP.

Sleep Diaries

Keeping a sleep diary where you record your sleep habits and any symptoms you experience can be helpful for initial assessment. While not a diagnostic tool, it can provide valuable information for your doctor.

Treatment Options for Sleep Apnea

The good news is that OSA is a treatable condition. Here are some common treatment options for OSA, depending on the severity of the condition and individual needs:

Lifestyle Changes

Making healthy lifestyle changes can significantly improve symptoms of OSA and may even eliminate the need for further intervention in some mild cases. These changes include weight management, sleeping on your side, and quitting alcohol and cigarettes.

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)

This is the most common and effective treatment for OSA. A CPAP machine delivers a gentle stream of air through a mask worn during sleep. This air pressure keeps the airway open, preventing apnea episodes and improving sleep quality.

Oral Appliance Therapy

For some individuals, a custom-made oral appliance can be used to hold the jaw forward, enlarging the airway space. This can be a good option for those who find CPAP therapy uncomfortable.

Inspire Therapy

For individuals who are intolerant to PAP therapy, a good second-line treatment option is Inspire Therapy. This FDA-approved device works like a pacemaker. It helps keep the patient's throat open while they are sleeping, so their airway doesn't get blocked.

Living a Healthy Life with OSA and CVD

If you have a CVD and receive an OSA diagnosis, don't despair! With proper treatment and lifestyle modifications, you can manage your condition and enjoy a fulfilling life. Simple steps like maintaining a consistent sleep schedule can help you get on the right track.

Additionally, the sleep experts at nightly can assist you from diagnosis to monitoring and treatment. Like the AHA, we believe that early detection and treatment of OSA are key to guarding your heart and overall health. Don't hesitate to talk to us about any concerns you have about sleep apnea.

We won’t rest until you can breathe easier, sleep better, and live a healthier life!

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